Knowledge Via Information

IP Address or Internet Protocol Address is a logical and unique numerical identifier assigned to every device or network that connects to the Internet. A special kind of address, which identifies devices on a network, consists of 32 bits and represents a series of four numbers separated by dots. Each number represents 8 bits, and together they form a unique identifier for each device connected to the network. IP Address IP Address Classes IPv4 addresses are classified into five categories: A, B, C, D, and E, each determining the bits allocated to the network part, thereby impacting the number of networks and devices they can support. IP Address Classes 1. Class A In Class A, the first octet (8 bits) is used for the network address, identifying the network uniquely. The remaining three octets (24 bits) are for the host address, identifying individual hosts within the network. The network address cannot have all 8 bits set to 0. In Class A, the first bit is always set to 0, and the next...

The OSI Reference Model is a conceptual framework developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to facilitate communication between systems and networks. The OSI Reference Model serves as a guide to developing and understanding network architectures and protocols. Additionally, it promotes interoperability among diverse networking technologies. Moreover, introduced in 1984, it divides the complex network communication process into seven distinct layers, each responsible for specific functions. OSI Reference Model Diagram Layers in OSI Reference Model 1) Physical Layer The foundation of the OSI Reference Model, the Physical Layer, deals with the actual hardware and transmission of raw binary data over a physical medium. Additionally, it encompasses elements like cables, connectors, network interface cards, and the electrical or optical signals that traverse the network medium. Key activities include data encoding, modulation, and physical transmission. 2) Data L...

Network Topology refers to the layout pattern of interconnections between various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or telecommunications network. Moreover, it defines the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network and outlines how data is transmitted and received. This conceptual framework also serves as the blueprint for designing a network infrastructure, guiding the placement and connectivity of components. Network Topology Types of Network Topology Let's talk about the different types of network topology. There are many different topologies for networks, and each one has a unique set of benefits and drawbacks. Bus Topology Bus Topology In a bus network topology, devices are connected to each other using one cable, like a line. This cable is also called the backbone. The type of cable used depends on the devices in the network, like coaxial or RJ45. Usually, a bus network has two ends, and data travels from one end to the other. This means data goes in o...